MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16 amino acid mitochondrial peptide encoded by the mitochondrial 12S rRNA. Unique in its role as a mitokine, it acts both intracellularly and systemically as an endocrine signal.
OVERVIEW
MOTS-c is studied for its role in metabolic regulation via AMPK pathway activation, modulation of the folate-methionine cycle, and purine biosynthesis. Under metabolic stress, it can translocate to the cell nucleus and directly modify gene expression, particularly genes with antioxidant response elements (ARE).
Studies suggest its endogenous expression is amplified by physical activity, and its circulating levels decline with age — indicating a possible role in age-related metabolic decline.
RESEARCH AREAS
Muscle metabolism — AMPK pathway activation in skeletal muscle; increased glucose transporter (GLUT) expression; improved insulin sensitivity.
Fat metabolism — prevention of high-fat diet-induced obesity (murine models); folate cycle inhibition and hepatic AMPK activation.
Bone tissue — regulation of TGF-β/SMAD pathway; stimulation of osteogenic genes (ALP, Bglap, Runx2); differentiation of bone marrow stem cells.
Cellular longevity — interaction with NAD+ and sirtuins; expression boosted by physical exercise; potential correlation with exceptional longevity.
CHEMICAL DATA
| Molecular formula | C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂ |
| Molecular weight | 2,174.64 g/mol |
| Other names | Mitochondrial-derived peptide, Mitokine |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Purity | 99.06% HPLC |
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