Semaglutide (SEMA) is a synthetic 31 amino acid peptide, an analog of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) with 94% sequence homology to human GLP-1. Its structural modification — a C18 fatty acid side chain linked via a hydrophilic linker — allows it to bind albumin and achieve a half-life of ~7 days enabling weekly administration.
Semaglutide acts as a selective agonist of GLP-1R receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) expressed in the pancreas, brain, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular tissues. It stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, and delays gastric emptying.
Centrally, semaglutide activates GLP-1R receptors in the brainstem (nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema) and hypothalamus, reducing appetite and caloric intake. Phase 3 clinical trials demonstrated average weight reductions of 15–17% over 68 weeks.
| Molecular formula | C₁₈₇H₂₉₁N₄₅O₅₉ |
| Molecular weight | 4,113.6 g/mol |
| Other names | Semaglutide, GLP-1 agonist, Ozempic®, Wegovy® |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Purity | >99% HPLC |





























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